VLog format specification

ValOS log ('VLog') format specifies the ontology, the format and the algorithms for expressing a ValOS chronicle change event history as a sequence ofVState-formatted JSON-LD document entries.

This document speficies the event delta structure and semantics via declarative examples.

This document is part of the library workspace @valos/log (of domain @valos/kernel) which has the description: `VLog specification and reference implementation`.

A VLog event is a specifically structured JSON-LD document that represents a change between two VState documents. The document contains several sub-components, aspects that contain the delta payload itself but also metadata, validations and other lifetime attribute of the event.

The delta aspect is a semantically incomplete precursor of the actual triples that are added to (or removed from) the vstate graph itself. To complete the precursor the accumulated state @context URI mappings must be added to the delta root context.

§ General principles

General design concepts, aims and ideas and out-right in a mish-mash wish-list:

Each event is a named graph with a name that is a monotonically increasing vplot-name derived based on the chronicle id itself.
Event graphs are thus disjoint when flattened.
Reduction is the process of applying the events in succession from the very beginning of the vlog and yields a snapshot vstate graph.
Reduction consists of validation, separation and update steps.
Validation rejects heretical events. Separation removes event metadata and splits the remaining payload to separate update stages. Update applies these parts to state.
Separation and update should be computationally simple, naive even, as they are unavoidable and often heavily repeated.
Validation can often be selectivelly waived by secondary consumers or sub-sequent event log consumption runs and thus can be incrementally (if not outrageously) costlier that the other steps.
Event payload should be bytewise minimal. VLogs can appear anywhere and compression aint free either.
Event payload should be as flat as possible to facilitate easy introspection APIs
Events must be valid and internally consistent JSON-LD even in isolation but they don't need to be semantically complete.
Events need to be semantically complete when evaluated using the accumulated parent context of all previous vlog events.
Cryptographical signing of event payloads by user signatures should be simple.
Event creators can specify crypto-behaviors that add validateable constraints to the future vlog operations.
Constraints can be used to limit the addition of new crypto-behaviors
Reordering of events by vlog authorities should be possible whenever it can be proven that reordering doesn't change essential semantics
Event creators can specify what is considered essential semantics by crypto-behaviors
Dual construct is a triple which is directly 'reified' by a resource in the same named graph. Properties and Relations have dual nature.

§ Examples

The examples use the standard context as the initial starting context. Each successive example uses the output state of the previous example as its input state.

Initial state @context

{
  "^": "urn:valos:",
  "@base": "urn:valos:chronicle:",
  "@vocab": "vplot:'",

  "V": "https://valospace.org/0#",
  "VLog": "https://valospace.org/log/0#",
  "VState": "https://valospace.org/state/0#",

  "&^": { "@id": "VState:globalResources", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@id" },
  "&_": { "@id": "VState:subResources", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@id" },
  "&-": { "@id": "VState:removes", "@container": "@graph" },

  "~P": { "@id": "V:ownsProperty", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@id" },
  "~E": { "@id": "V:ownsEntity", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@id" },
  "~R": { "@id": "V:ownsRelation", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@id" },
  "~M": { "@id": "V:ownsMedia", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@id" },

  ".~": { "@id": "V:owner", "@type": "@id" },

  ".P~": { "@id": "V:scope", "@type": "@id" },
  ".E~": { "@id": "V:parent", "@type": "@id" },
  ".R~": { "@id": "V:graph", "@type": "@id" },
  ".M~": { "@id": "V:folder", "@type": "@id" },

  ".n": { "@id": "V:name" },
  ".c": { "@id": "V:content" },

  ".iOf": { "@id": "V:instanceOf", "@type": "@id" },
  "-hasI": { "@id": "V:hasInstance", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@id" },

  ".gOf": { "@id": "V:ghostOf", "@type": "@id" },
  "-hasG": { "@id": "V:hasGhost", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@id" },

  ".src": { "@id": "V:source", "@type": "@id" },
  "-out": { "@id": "V:hasOutRelation", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@list" },

  ".tgt": { "@id": "V:target", "@type": "@id" },
  "-in": { "@id": "V:hasInRelation", "@type": "@id", "@container": "@list" },

  ".src-": { "@id": "V:linkedSource", "@type": "@id" },
  ".tgt-": { "@id": "V:linkedTarget", "@type": "@id" },

  ".src~": { "@id": "V:ownerSource", "@type": "@id" },
  ".tgt~": { "@id": "V:ownerTarget", "@type": "@id" },

  "VSourcerer": "https://valospace.org/sourcerer/0#",

  "~u4": "urn:valos:u4:"
}

The first vlog event always creates the chronicle root resource with an id equal to the vlog chronicle id itself. The id URN of the root resource is added into the context with key "0". The root resource is assigned a blank node '_:0' that corresponds to id context entry URN.

creates chronicle root entity

we expect

 JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(state = applyVLogDelta(state, {
  "@context": [{
    "0": "~u4:cccccccc-6600-2211-cc77-333333333333"
  }],
  "&~": { "": { ".n": "rootName", "V:authorityURI": "valaa-local:" } }
})))

toMatchObject

 ({
  "@context": [baseStateContext, {
    "0": "~u4:cccccccc-6600-2211-cc77-333333333333"
  }],
  "&^": {
    "0/": { ".n": "rootName", "V:authorityURI": "valaa-local:" }
  }
})

VLog node objects have chronicle-local vplot identifiers. A local vplot id begins with

vplot:chronicle/

and is followed by a route-vplot string. Each vterm of the local vplot id that matches the pattern maps to a URI in the chronicle URI lookup. The local vplot id can be translated to a global valos:urn vplot id by replacing all the mappings with their corresponding URI and converting the id to urn-vplot form.

These local vplot ids form a nested hierarchy. Resource views project subtrees of this hierarchy (view origin) to be accessible at other subtree locations (view image). Notably, ownership views project the stable root-level embodiment of a resource (stable origin) to be accessible at its current logical location in the ownership hierarchy (logical image).

Delta updates to resources must always be applied to the logical image, never to the resource origin itself (unless they're the same). Similarily, references in deltas must refer to logical images as long as the referenced resource belongs to the same chronicle.

Conversely, the state of a resource is always represented at the stable origin. Similarily, all references in state objects must refer to the stable origins of the resources.

All references (in both deltas and state alike) to resources in other chronicles must refer to their stable origin. .

delta application to harmonize refs to appropriate stable origin refs

we expect

 JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(state = applyVLogDelta(state,
{
  "@context": [{
    "1": "~u4:aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "2": "~u4:bbbbbbbb-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "3": "~u4:abababab-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "4": "~u4:babababa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "5": "valaa-test:?id=(~raw'extl!)#"
  }],
  "&~": {
    "": { ".n": "newRootName" },
    "1/": { ".E~": "0/", ".n": "older",
      "toOutside": { "@id": "5/" }, "absolutelyParent": { "@id": "/0/" },
    },
    "2/": { ".E~": "0/", ".n": "unger",
      "toOlder": { "@id": "1/" }, "absolutelyOlder": { "@id": "/1/" },
    },
    "2/3/": { ".tgt~": "2/", ".n": "SIBLING", ".src": "1/" },
    "2/4/": { ".src~": "2/", ".n": "SIBLING", ".tgt": "1/" },
  },
})))

toMatchObject

{
  "@context": [
    {
      "^": "urn:valos:",
      "@base": "urn:valos:chronicle:",
      "@vocab": "vplot:'",
      "V": "https://valospace.org/0#",
      "VLog": "https://valospace.org/log/0#",
      "VState": "https://valospace.org/state/0#",
      "&^": {
        "@id": "VState:globalResources",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@id"
      },
      "&_": {
        "@id": "VState:subResources",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@id"
      },
      "&-": {
        "@id": "VState:removes",
        "@container": "@graph"
      },
      "~P": {
        "@id": "V:ownsProperty",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@id"
      },
      "~E": {
        "@id": "V:ownsEntity",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@id"
      },
      "~R": {
        "@id": "V:ownsRelation",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@id"
      },
      "~M": {
        "@id": "V:ownsMedia",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@id"
      },
      ".~": {
        "@id": "V:owner",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      ".P~": {
        "@id": "V:scope",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      ".E~": {
        "@id": "V:parent",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      ".R~": {
        "@id": "V:graph",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      ".M~": {
        "@id": "V:folder",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      ".n": {
        "@id": "V:name"
      },
      ".c": {
        "@id": "V:content"
      },
      ".iOf": {
        "@id": "V:instanceOf",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      "-hasI": {
        "@id": "V:hasInstance",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@id"
      },
      ".gOf": {
        "@id": "V:ghostOf",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      "-hasG": {
        "@id": "V:hasGhost",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@id"
      },
      ".src": {
        "@id": "V:source",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      "-out": {
        "@id": "V:hasOutRelation",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@list"
      },
      ".tgt": {
        "@id": "V:target",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      "-in": {
        "@id": "V:hasInRelation",
        "@type": "@id",
        "@container": "@list"
      },
      ".src-": {
        "@id": "V:linkedSource",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      ".tgt-": {
        "@id": "V:linkedTarget",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      ".src~": {
        "@id": "V:ownerSource",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      ".tgt~": {
        "@id": "V:ownerTarget",
        "@type": "@id"
      },
      "VSourcerer": "https://valospace.org/sourcerer/0#",
      "~u4": "urn:valos:u4:"
    },
    {
      "0": "~u4:cccccccc-6600-2211-cc77-333333333333",
      "1": "~u4:aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
      "2": "~u4:bbbbbbbb-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
      "3": "~u4:abababab-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
      "4": "~u4:babababa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
      "5": "valaa-test:?id=(~raw'extl!)#"
    }
  ],
  "&^": {
    "0/": {
      ".n": "newRootName",
      "V:authorityURI": "valaa-local:",
      "~E": [
        "1/",
        "2/"
      ]
    },
    "1/": {
      ".E~": "0/",
      ".n": "older",
      "-out": [
        "3/"
      ],
      "-in": [
        "4/"
      ],
      "toOutside": {
        "@id": "5/"
      },
      "absolutelyParent": {
        "@id": "/0/"
      }
    },
    "2/": {
      ".E~": "0/",
      ".n": "unger",
      "~R": [
        "3/",
        "4/"
      ],
      "-out": [
        "4/"
      ],
      "-in": [
        "3/"
      ],
      "toOlder": {
        "@id": "1/"
      },
      "absolutelyOlder": {
        "@id": "/1/"
      }
    },
    "3/": {
      ".tgt~": "2/",
      ".n": "SIBLING",
      ".src": "1/"
    },
    "4/": {
      ".src~": "2/",
      ".n": "SIBLING",
      ".tgt": "1/"
    }
  }
}

Ghost instancing with V:instanceOf term ".iOf" and the recursive application of the VState:subResources term '&_' are the cornerstone of the unified valos resource model for application development.

Instancing dynamics primarily affects state inference and as such no additional functionality for deltas is necessary. It should be noted however that the logical image vplot of ghosts 'flattens' the stable origin vplot of its ghost prototype (See how resource "0/1/3/8" is ghosted as "0/6/8" and "0/7/8"). Instance views behave here similar to external references: the ghost vplot cannot know the exact logical location of its prototype (not least because the prototype might be in a different chronicle!).

instances a resource with ghosts

we expect

 JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(state = applyVLogDelta(state,
{
  "@context": [{
    "6": "~u4:11111111-2255-7744-22cc-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "7": "~u4:22222222-2255-7744-22cc-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "8": "~u4:d336d336-9999-6666-0000-777700000000"
  }],
  "&~": {
    "2/3/8/": { ".E~": "3/", ".n": "deeplyOwned" },
    "6/": {
      ".E~": "0/", ".iOf": "2/", ".n": "ungerInstance",
      "&_": {
        "6/3/": {
          "instance": { "@id": "6/" },
          "absoluteInstance": { "@id": "/6/" },
          "deepProto": { "@id": "8/" },
          "absoluteDeepProto": { "@id": "/8/" },
        },
        "6/8/": { ".n": "deeplyOwnedGhost" },
      },
    },
    "7/": {
      ".E~": "0/", ".iOf": "6/", ".n": "ungerInstanceInstance",
      "&_": {
        "7/3/": { "instanceInstance": { "@id": "7/" } },
        "7/8/": { ".n": "deeplyOwnedGhostGhost" },
      },
    },
  },
})))

toMatchObject

 ({
  "@context": [baseStateContext, {
    "0": "~u4:cccccccc-6600-2211-cc77-333333333333",
    "1": "~u4:aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "2": "~u4:bbbbbbbb-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "3": "~u4:abababab-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "4": "~u4:babababa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "5": "valaa-test:?id=(~raw'extl!)#",
    "6": "~u4:11111111-2255-7744-22cc-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "7": "~u4:22222222-2255-7744-22cc-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "8": "~u4:d336d336-9999-6666-0000-777700000000"
  }],
  "&^": {
    "0/": { ".n": "newRootName",
      "V:authorityURI": "valaa-local:",
      "~E": ["1/", "2/", "6/", "7/"]
    },
    "1/": { ".E~": "0/", ".n": "older",
      "-out": ["3/"], "-in": ["4/"],
      "toOutside": { "@id": "5/" }, "absolutelyParent": { "@id": "/0/" }
    },
    "2/": { ".E~": "0/", ".n": "unger",
      "~R": ["3/", "4/"],
      "-out": ["4/"], "-in": ["3/"], "-hasI": ["6/"],
      "toOlder": { "@id": "1/" }, "absolutelyOlder": { "@id": "/1/" }
    },
    "3/": { ".tgt~": "2/", ".n": "SIBLING", ".src": "1/", "~E": ["8/"] },
    "4/": { ".src~": "2/", ".n": "SIBLING", ".tgt": "1/" },
    "6/": [{ ".E~": "0/", ".n": "ungerInstance",
      ".iOf": "2/", "-hasI": ["7/"],
    }, {
      "@context": { "@base": "6/" },
      "&_": {
        "3/": {
          "instance": { "@id": "" },
          "absoluteInstance": { "@id": "/6/" },
          "deepProto": { "@id": "../8/" },
          "absoluteDeepProto": { "@id": "/8/" },
        },
        "8/": { ".n": "deeplyOwnedGhost" }
      }
    }],
    "7/": [{ ".E~": "0/", ".n": "ungerInstanceInstance",
      ".iOf": "6/",
    }, {
      "@context": { "@base": "7/" },
      "&_": {
        "3/": { "instanceInstance": { "@id": "" }, },
        "8/": { ".n": "deeplyOwnedGhostGhost" }
      }
    }],
    "8/": { ".E~": "3/", ".n": "deeplyOwned" },
  },
})

Projection views are the underlying mechanism on top of which the instancing is built. Projection views project virtual, inferred copies of their origin subtrees to their view location. An instancing ".iOf" property creates such a projection from the prototype (as the origin) onto the instance (as view) itself.

This virtual copying is lexical: projected relative references will now refer to the relative resources inside the instance view instead of to the originally referenced resources within the prototype. Conversely, absolute references (ie. those that begin with "/") keep refering to to the same resources even when projected.

The normalized vplot base of a relative reference that appears in the body of some resource is the vplot id of the parent of that resource. References that appear in a delta can be based arbitrarily however: the delta application will perform this reference normalization.

complex vplot relative references to be normalized

we expect

 JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(state = applyVLogDelta(state,
{
  "@context": [{
    "9": "~u4:77777777-1111-eeee-3333-555555555555",
  }],
  "&~": {
    "9/": {
      ".E~": "0/", ".n": "inceptor", ".iOf": "0/",
      "&_": {
        "9/1/": { ".n": "olderGhost" },
        "9/2/": { ".n": "ungerGhost" },
        "9/3/": { ".n": "toNephewOldceptGhost", ".tgt": "9/9/1/" },
        "9/4/": { ".n": "toNephewUngceptGhost", ".tgt": "9/9/2/" },
        "9/9/": { ".n": "firstInception" },
        "9/9/1/": { ".n": "oldceptGhost" },
        "9/9/2/": { ".n": "ungceptGhost" }
      }
    },
  },
})))

toMatchObject

 ({
  "@context": [baseStateContext, {
    "0": "~u4:cccccccc-6600-2211-cc77-333333333333",
    "1": "~u4:aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "2": "~u4:bbbbbbbb-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "3": "~u4:abababab-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "4": "~u4:babababa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "5": "valaa-test:?id=(~raw'extl!)#",
    "6": "~u4:11111111-2255-7744-22cc-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "7": "~u4:22222222-2255-7744-22cc-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "8": "~u4:d336d336-9999-6666-0000-777700000000",
    "9": "~u4:77777777-1111-eeee-3333-555555555555"
  }],
  "&^": {
    "0/": { ".n": "newRootName",
      "V:authorityURI": "valaa-local:",
      "~E": ["1/", "2/", "6/", "7/", "9/"]
    },
    "1/": { ".E~": "0/", ".n": "older",
      "-out": ["3/"], "-in": ["4/"],
      "toOutside": { "@id": "5/" }, "absolutelyParent": { "@id": "/0/" }
    },
    "2/": { ".E~": "0/", ".n": "unger",
      "~R": ["3/", "4/"],
      "-out": ["4/"], "-in": ["3/"], "-hasI": ["6/"],
      "toOlder": { "@id": "1/" }, "absolutelyOlder": { "@id": "/1/" }
    },
    "3/": { ".tgt~": "2/", ".n": "SIBLING", ".src": "1/", "~E": ["8/"] },
    "4/": { ".src~": "2/", ".n": "SIBLING", ".tgt": "1/" },
    "6/": [{ ".E~": "0/", ".n": "ungerInstance",
      ".iOf": "2/", "-hasI": ["7/"]
    }, {
      "@context": { "@base": "6/" },
      "&_": {
        "3/": {
          "instance": { "@id": "" },
          "absoluteInstance": { "@id": "/6/" },
          "deepProto": { "@id": "../8/" },
          "absoluteDeepProto": { "@id": "/8/" }
        },
        "8/": { ".n": "deeplyOwnedGhost" }
      }
    }],
    "7/": [{ ".E~": "0/", ".n": "ungerInstanceInstance",
      ".iOf": "6/"
    }, {
      "@context": { "@base": "7/" },
      "&_": {
        "3/": { "instanceInstance": { "@id": "" } },
        "8/": { ".n": "deeplyOwnedGhostGhost" }
      }
    }],
    "8/": { ".E~": "3/", ".n": "deeplyOwned" },
    "9/": [{ ".E~": "0/", ".n": "inceptor", ".iOf": "0/" }, {
      "@context": { "@base": "9/" },
      "&_": {
        "1/": { ".n": "olderGhost" },
        "2/": { ".n": "ungerGhost" },
        "3/": { ".n": "toNephewOldceptGhost", ".tgt": "9/1/" },
        "4/": { ".n": "toNephewUngceptGhost", ".tgt": "9/2/" },
        "9/": [{
          ".n": "firstInception",
        }, {
          "@context": { "@base": "9/" },
          "&_": {
            "1/": { ".n": "oldceptGhost", "-in": ["../3/"] },
            "2/": { ".n": "ungceptGhost", "-in": ["../4/"] }
          }
        }],
      }
    }]
  },
})

Resource deletion is done by adding the removed triples to the removal graphs via VState:removes term "&-".

Triple removals from various container properties are persisted in the state in any resources that can be view images, as these removals are then continuously applied to a the possible corresponding inherited view container properties.

resource deletions to be persisted in state

we expect

 JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(state = applyVLogDelta(state,
{
  "@context": [{}],
  "&~": {
    "9/": { "&_": {
      "9/4/": { "&-": { ".tgt": "9/9/2/" } },
      "9/9/": { "&-": { "&_": ["9/9/2/"], "~E": ["9/9/2/"] } },
    }, },
  },
})))

toMatchObject

 ({
  "@context": [baseStateContext, {
    "0": "~u4:cccccccc-6600-2211-cc77-333333333333",
    "1": "~u4:aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "2": "~u4:bbbbbbbb-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "3": "~u4:abababab-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "4": "~u4:babababa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "5": "valaa-test:?id=(~raw'extl!)#",
    "6": "~u4:11111111-2255-7744-22cc-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "7": "~u4:22222222-2255-7744-22cc-eeeeeeeeeeee",
    "8": "~u4:d336d336-9999-6666-0000-777700000000",
    "9": "~u4:77777777-1111-eeee-3333-555555555555"
  }],
  "&^": {
    "0/": { ".n": "newRootName",
      "V:authorityURI": "valaa-local:",
      "~E": ["1/", "2/", "6/", "7/", "9/"]
    },
    "1/": { ".E~": "0/", ".n": "older",
      "-out": ["3/"], "-in": ["4/"],
      "toOutside": { "@id": "5/" }, "absolutelyParent": { "@id": "/0/" }
    },
    "2/": { ".E~": "0/", ".n": "unger",
      "~R": ["3/", "4/"],
      "-out": ["4/"], "-in": ["3/"], "-hasI": ["6/"],
      "toOlder": { "@id": "1/" }, "absolutelyOlder": { "@id": "/1/" }
    },
    "3/": { ".tgt~": "2/", ".n": "SIBLING", ".src": "1/", "~E": ["8/"] },
    "4/": { ".src~": "2/", ".n": "SIBLING", ".tgt": "1/" },
    "6/": [{ ".E~": "0/", ".n": "ungerInstance",
      ".iOf": "2/", "-hasI": ["7/"]
    }, {
      "@context": { "@base": "6/" },
      "&_": {
        "3/": {
          "instance": { "@id": "" },
          "absoluteInstance": { "@id": "/6/" },
          "deepProto": { "@id": "../8/" },
          "absoluteDeepProto": { "@id": "/8/" }
        },
        "8/": { ".n": "deeplyOwnedGhost" }
      }
    }],
    "7/": [{ ".E~": "0/", ".n": "ungerInstanceInstance",
      ".iOf": "6/"
    }, {
      "@context": { "@base": "7/" },
      "&_": {
        "3/": { "instanceInstance": { "@id": "" } },
        "8/": { ".n": "deeplyOwnedGhostGhost" }
      }
    }],
    "8/": { ".E~": "3/", ".n": "deeplyOwned" },
    "9/": [{ ".E~": "0/", ".n": "inceptor", ".iOf": "0/" }, {
      "@context": { "@base": "9/" },
      "&_": {
        "1/": { ".n": "olderGhost" },
        "2/": { ".n": "ungerGhost" },
        "3/": { ".n": "toNephewOldceptGhost", ".tgt": "9/1/" },
        "4/": { ".n": "toNephewUngceptGhost" },
        "9/": [{
          ".n": "firstInception",
          "&-": { "~E": ["9/2/"] },
        }, {
          "@context": { "@base": "9/" },
          "&_": {
            "1/": { ".n": "oldceptGhost", "-in": ["../3/"] }
          }
        }],
      }
    }],
  },
})